Ruby XOR operator

The ^ acts is a boolean XOR operator in Ruby when the arguments are boolean. It wants only one true value in an expression in order to be considered true:

true ^ false ^ false
# => true

true ^ false ^ true
# => false

Let's look at 5 trues:

true ^ true ^ true ^ true ^ true 
# => true

How is this true? Each ^ is evaluated one at a time. Since true ^ true is not exclusive, it is false. So after the first evaluation, we have:

false ^ true ^ true ^ true

# false ^ true is true

true ^ true ^ true

#true and true is false
false ^ true
# true

Using this same logic we can see why true ^ true ^ true ^ true is false.