Research Software Alternatives
Today I discovered AlternativeTo, which provides 'crowdsourced software recommendations'. It's available here:
https://alternativeto.net/
With this resource you can find alternatives to websites, tools, operating systems, and more, and learn about each alternative you find.
For reference, I checked out the results for open source alternatives to Ruby. The list includes no-brainers like Python, JavaScript, and Java, but also Go, C, and Lua. If I were a CTO who didn't know Ruby and needed to quickly understand its position in the ecosystem, this would be a pretty useful starting point.