Aggregate Arrays In Postgres

array_agg is a great aggregate function in Postgres but it gets weird when aggregating other arrays.

First let's look at what array_agg does on rows with integer columns:

select array_agg(x) from (values (1), (2), (3), (4)) x (x);
-- {1,2,3,4}

It puts each value into an array. What if are values are arrays?

select array_agg(x)
from (values (Array[1, 2]), (Array[3, 4])) x (x);
-- {{1,2},{3,4}}

Put this doesn't work when the arrays have different numbers of elements:

select array_agg(x)
from (values (Array[1, 2]), (Array[3, 4, 5])) x (x);
-- ERROR:  cannot accumulate arrays of different dimensionality

If you are trying to accumulate elements to process in your code, you can use jsonb_agg.

select jsonb_agg(x.x)
from (values (Array[1, 2]), (Array[3, 4, 5])) x (x);
-- [[1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]

The advantage of using Postgres arrays however is being able to unnest those arrays downstream:

select unnest(array_agg(x))
from (values (Array[1, 2]), (Array[3, 4])) x (x);
--      1
--      2
--      3
--      4